How Long Does a Wind Turbine Last?
In short: Technically, a modern wind turbine lasts 25–30 years with good maintenance. But EEG (German Renewable Energy Sources Act) support only runs for 20 years. It is precisely this gap that determines what happens next: continued operation or repowering.
Two different "lifespans"
| Dimension | Duration |
|---|---|
| EEG support period | 20 years from commissioning |
| Technical design (type certificate) | 20–25 years |
| Real lifespan with good maintenance | 25–30 years |
| Foundation | 40+ years (often usable longer than the turbine) |
What happens after 20 years?
When EEG support ends, the guaranteed feed-in tariff disappears. Three options:
- Continued operation (post-EEG): Electricity is sold at the market price or via a PPA. Worthwhile as long as OPEX stays below the electricity price.
- Repowering: Demolition + a new, larger turbine. Increases yield by a factor of 2–3. See repowering vs. continued operation.
- Decommissioning: complete dismantling + site restoration, if repowering is not possible.
How does a turbine age?
- Years 1–10: little wear, manufacturer warranty, OPEX 20–25 €/MWh
- Years 11–15: generator/gearbox overhaul possible, OPEX rises
- Years 16–20: manufacturer support ends, repairs more involved, OPEX 30–40 €/MWh
- Years 20+: insurance becomes more expensive — the economic trigger for repowering
Frequently asked questions
What happens to the rotor blades at the end of life?
Steel, copper and concrete are recycled to >90 %. Rotor blades (fibreglass) are the sticking point — they are currently incinerated for energy recovery in cement plants. More under decommissioning.
Can the lifespan be extended?
Yes, through a "lifetime extension" report that assesses the residual structural stability. This makes continued operation beyond the type-certificate period possible.
How much is an old turbine still worth?
The recycling proceeds minus dismantling are usually marginal (0–50,000 €/turbine net). The value lies in the still-operable site, not in the old turbine.
Wind turbine lifespan – EEG end, ageing phases and options after 20 years